Heather Burning

Heather has to be kept young and vigorous by controlled fires, otherwise it grows long and lank and dies back, reducing its nutritional value.

Burning is carried out by moor keepers between October and mid-April when small sections are burned carefully on a rotational cycle, which can be as little as 7 years where there is very vigorous growth or as long as 25 years where growth is slow. These fires are different to uncontrolled emergencies and are restricted by law to the period between October and mid-April.

Uncontrolled fires burn too fiercely and can set fire to the peat in which the heather grows. Not only can these fires be very difficult to quench, but where the peat is burnt, heather and other seeds are destroyed. Plant life is lost; erosion may follow, and it will take many years for the ground to recover, so very careful precautions are taken to prevent this.

For example, controlled burning will take place when the heather cover is dry, the peat wet and the wind light but constant. This ensures that the fire moves steadily over the peat, burning the plant but leaving the peat bed relatively cool.

The heather roots are left undamaged and the whole process 'shocks' the heather seed lying in the ground into germinating quickly. Heather can also be cut with a mower, especially in places where lighting a fire would be too dangerous, although mowing is less effective, more expensive and only possible on certain ground (for example uneven surfaces with rocks are unsuitable).

The burning cycle creates a pattern of different aged heather. The oldest provides cover for the grouse and other birds; the new shoots, succulent food for birds and sheep. A skilfully burnt moor will have a mosaic of heather and other moor plants of differing ages and the rich variety of wildlife it attracts.