How Gamekeepers Lead Wildfire Prevention

Ahead of the Commons debate on the future of driven grouse shooting taking place on Monday 30th June, we’re publishing a series of blog posts that examine the vital contribution made by grouse moor management.

Our cherished British uplands are iconic landscapes, but they face a growing threat: wildfires. These devastating blazes can destroy vast areas of precious moorland, harm wildlife, and release significant amounts of carbon stored in the peat.

While much attention is often given to the dramatic images of uncontrolled fires, less is heard about the unsung heroes who work tirelessly year-round to prevent them and protect our countryside: gamekeepers.

The Silent Threat of Wildfire

Wildfires are uncontrolled fires that burn intensely and can penetrate deep into underlying peat layers, destroying vegetation and causing long-term damage. A single major wildfire, like the one on Saddleworth Moor in 2018, can release approximately 40,000 tonnes of CO2 and take up to 200 years to restore.

These events are not only disastrous for the environment but also pose significant risks to human health, property, and public infrastructure, placing immense strain on emergency services. The risk of such fires is increasing due to climate change and changes in land management, such as reduced grazing and increased "managed wilding".

Gamekeepers: Guardians of the Moor

The role of a gamekeeper extends far beyond managing game species; they are dedicated wildlife wardens, conservation managers, fire fighters, and educators. Their work is a constant, year-round commitment to maintaining the health and biodiversity of moorland habitats.

Gamekeepers are typically the first responders to wildfires and possess specialist training and equipment to combat them. They often train members of the Fire & Rescue Service in wildfire management and assist in fighting blazes on both their own and neighboring lands, including those managed by conservation organizations.

Controlled Burning: A Time-Tested Tool

One of the most vital practices employed by gamekeepers is prescribed heather burning, also known as "cool burning" or "muirburn". This differs significantly from uncontrolled wildfires. Controlled burns are carefully planned, supervised, and conducted in small areas during the cooler, wetter months (typically October to April). These burns are designed to move quickly over the surface, removing old, woody heather and promoting new, nutritious growth for red grouse and other wild species.

The benefits are numerous:

• Fuel Load Reduction: By regularly removing accumulated old heather, prescribed burning significantly reduces the amount of potential fuel available, thereby decreasing the likelihood and intensity of destructive wildfires. This also creates natural firebreaks, hindering the spread of any accidental blazes.

• Biodiversity Enhancement: The patchwork of different heather heights and ages created by rotational burning provides diverse habitats essential for a variety of moorland species. This includes vital food sources and cover for ground-nesting birds.

• Carbon Management: While burning releases some carbon, it promotes vigorous regrowth which reabsorbs carbon, and evidence suggests that biochar produced by cool burning can effectively lock up carbon in peatland soils for long periods. Unmanaged, old heather can actually dry out peat and reduce net carbon uptake.

Addressing Misconceptions and Policy Challenges

Despite these clear benefits, traditional moorland management practices, including controlled burning, face misconceptions and policy challenges. Some policies, such as blanket bans on burning deep peat, may have unintended negative consequences, potentially increasing wildfire risk and negatively impacting biodiversity.

It is crucial for policymakers to listen to the expertise and experience of those who live and work on the land and to base decisions on robust, long-term scientific evidence rather than short-term assessments or emotional arguments.

The Dedication of Gamekeepers is Vital

Gamekeepers are indispensable stewards of the UK's heather moorlands, playing a vital role in preventing devastating wildfires through skilful, controlled burning and other proactive land management techniques. Their dedication ensures the health of unique habitats, supports declining bird populations, and underpins the economic and social fabric of remote rural communities.

As the debate around the future of driven grouse shooting continues, it is imperative to acknowledge and support the comprehensive environmental benefits delivered by these dedicated professionals, ensuring a sustainable future for our precious uplands.

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